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Adsorption of Copper Ions in Aqueous Media using Tea Waste and Sawdust as an Adsorbent
Hanit Kumar Thapak ; Jitendra Sharma; Beenu Boudh; Nikita Banger; Pragati Dwivedia
Chemical Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 52 - 57
The Tea Waste and sawdust is a widely useful adsorbent for heavy metals. The aim of this work was optimization of usage of Tea Waste and sawdust as heavy metal adsorbent. It was exanimated influence of Tea Waste and sawdust quantity on adsorption capacity and efficiency adsorption processes. Activated carbon are used as a good adsorbent but its cost is very high so we used Tea waste and sawdust as a low cost adsorbent. For better adsorption efficiency it was recommended to apply larger amounts of sawdust, if it is not cause problems with delaying of used adsorbents. Smaller amounts of adsorbent were better utilized in two or three stage adsorption processes. Tea Waste collected in tea stall and restaurants its Insoluble cell wall of tea leaves are made up of cellulose and hemicelluloses, lignin, condensed tannins and structural protein. The result shows maximum removal efficiency of copper ion by tea waste is higher than sawdust adsorbent. Thus experiment result showed that maximum removal of Cu2+ ion by tea waste and sawdust is 90% and 88%.
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Position Based Routing In Vehicular Adhoc Networks - A Survey
M.Jagadeesan ; Chandrasekar C
Computer Science and Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 58 - 61
A Vehicular Ad hoc Network or VANET is a novel approach of intelligent transportation system technology which has received significant attention recently. Routing in VANETs is a challenging task due to network partitioning, high vehicular speed, and city environment characteristics. These characteristics results in degraded performance in traditional routing protocols. Traditional routing protocols, addressing the issues of mobile ad hoc network (MANETs), are applicable for MANET applications. Position-based routing protocols, which are mostly based on greedy routing, are more suited to highly dynamic and mobile networks. The key distinction between VANET and MANET is the high mobility pattern, swift changing topology and capability of mobility prediction. However, it is not effective to apply the prevailing routing protocols of MANETs into VANETs. In this study, we are mainly focusing on significant features, summarizing the advancements of the VANET position-based routing protocols besides discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these routing protocols.
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Geopolymer Concrete for Railway Sleepers
Swapnil Malipatil ; Suresh.G.Patil
Structural Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 62 - 65
Application of geopolymer concrete is in precast industry therefore the main objective of this paper is to develop the geopolymer concrete for the preparation of pre-cast railway sleepers. The other objective is to reduce the consumption of energy in curing by adopting ambient(sunlight) curing. In the present study, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratios of 0.35 and 0.4 with 16Molarity and 18Molarity of NaOH solution were used. To determine the compressive strength for geopolymer concrete, specimens of size 15cm X 15cm X 15 cm cubes were prepared. The curing regimes adopted were steam curing at average temperature of 650C for 24 hours and ambient curing at average temperature of 400C for 7days. The compressive strength attained for alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.4 and 0.35 for 18Molarity were in the range of 36.44N/mm2 to 60.35N/mm2 for ambient curing and 41.9N/mm2 to 72.09N/mm2 for steam curing. The compressive strength attained for alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35for 16Molarity were in the range of 58.88N/mm2 to 61.33N/mm2 for steam curing and ambient curing.
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Modelling an Efficient Cluster Map based Mobility Model for Delay Tolerance Network
Beena Rani ; Mrs. Shailja kumari
Computer Science and Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 66 - 70
This paper study various mobility models in delay tolerance network (DTN) and propose a new mobility model for DTN using Epidemic routing. A number of mobility models have been developed in DTN. DTN is a network technology designed to operate effectively over long distances and in large time delays communications used in an environment where there is no end to end path connectivity. This paper presents a novel clustered map based mobility model for delay tolerance network and the efficiency of proposed model is compared with existing map based mobility model (MBM). It is implemented in ONE Simulator. Map-based mobility models (MBM) constrain the node movement to predefined paths on the map. The results and analysis show that the proposed Clustered map based mobility model reduces average buffer time, increases throughput, increases delivered packets. Hence the proposed Clustered map based mobility model is more efficient.
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Testing UML Designs Using Class, Sequence and Activity Diagrams
Bhavnesh Kumar ; Dr. Kulvinder Singh
Computer Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 71 - 81
Testing is performed by different types of strategies. Generally testing is performed on code, but if the software can be tested in the earlier phases then most of the errors can be eliminated and can be stopped from propagating to next phase. The proposed work presents a novel design based testing approach that can fix errors in initial phase. To perform design based testing, we need a language that can deal with the design ably i.e. Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML, which supports object-oriented technology, is widely used to describe the analysis and design specifications of software development. UML models are an important source of information for test case design. UML activity diagrams describe the realization of the operation in design phase and also support description of parallel activities and synchronization aspects involved in different activities perfectly. However UML Sequence diagram describes the way in which different objects interacts with each other, sequence of message passing between different objects. And Class diagram identifies the different classes, its attributes and operations respectively. We propose a method to generate test cases using UML activity diagram. Next, we propose a novel approach to generate test cases from test scenarios using UML activity, sequence and class diagram. First we generate xml from UML diagram. UML consists of different designs that are used to specify the static and dynamic behavior of the software. Proposed system focuses on three diagrams viz. class, sequence and activity diagrams. The class diagrams help us to generate static test cases and the sequence and activity diagrams give dynamic test cases and integrity test cases.
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Power Transmission of Ac-Dc Supply in a Single Composite Conductor
P. AjayKumar ; L.PhaniKumar
Electrical Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 82 - 89
A recently proposed concept of simultaneous ac–dc power transmission enables the long extra high-voltage ac lines to be loaded close to their thermal limits. The conductors are allowed to carry a certain amount of dc current superimposed on usual ac. This paper gives the feasibility of converting a double circuit ac line into composite ac–dc power transmission line to get the advantages of parallel ac–dc transmission to improve power angle, stability and damping out oscillations and reduce transmission line losses and also we can tap the power in rural areas in very least economical basis. The proposed scheme is digitally simulated with the help of a MATLAB/SIMULINK software package. Simulation results clearly indicate that the tapping of a small amount of ac power from the composite ac–dc transmission line has a negligible impact on the normal functioning of the composite ac–dc power transmission system.
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Clustered K-Nearest Neighbor Process for Spam Detection in Social Networks
Jyotika Verma ; Dr. Sanjeev Dhawan
Computer Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 90 - 93
Spam is one of the issues of the Internet which required attention the most especially on the social networking websites and that’s why spam detection is a very concerned issue. Although there are various issues related to the Internet but spam is the one which is faced by everyone who is using the Internet. There are various strategies which are used by the researchers to detect the spam; this is discussed in the Literature Review section of this paper. KNN is one of those techniques and it is abbreviated as K-Nearest Neighbor Classification, it is basically used to find the nearest neighbor based on the pattern recognition and it is a non-parametric technique. Here, in this research paper KNN is used with the Clustering process because of which the process is time efficient and that too with great accuracy. The data which has been provided for the entire process to be performed is extracted from the social networking website Twitter with the help of R package as it provides interface with the Twitter web API (Application Programmable Interface). Various Calculations has been performed to calculate the accuracy, precision, and other parameters and based on these results and respective graphs have been obtained.
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Modeling of Student's Performance Evalution
Mrs Jyoti Upadhyay ; Dr. Pratima Gautam
Computer Application
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 94 - 98
We proposed a Fuzzy Model System (FMS) for student performance evaluation. A suitable fuzzy inference mechanism has been discussed in the paper. We mentioned how fuzzy principal can be applying in student performance prediction. This model can be useful for educational organization, educators, teachers, and students also. We proposed this model especially for first year students who need some extraordinary monitoring to their performance. Modeling based on the past academic result and on some information they earlier submitted for admission purposes.
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A Novel High Resolution Algorithm for Mobile Detection and Capacity Implementation
Mallikarjuna Hiremath ; Dr. Sarika Tale
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 99 - 108
In recent years Smart Antenna is a fast rising areas of communication systems. Smart antennas are especially aggressive of their applications in related fields such as Fourth Generation (4G) technologies and these are best suitable for multi carrier modulations. In our project contains main utilize of smart antennas in Mobile communication that upgrades the capability of the mobile devices as well as enhanced the cellular system for example fast and high bit rate, multi-use interference and space division multiplexing technique, enlarge the range, deduction of errors because of multi-path fading along with another enormous benefit is the higher security. In multiuser MIMO system, the optimal bit rate is very much dynamic plus changes from one packet to the some other neighboring packet. This ignores traditional bit rate adaptation algorithm mechanism, which depends on recent history to calculate the excellent bit rate for the upcoming packets. In this project Turbo Rate adaptation scheme for Multi User Multiple Input Multiple Output LANs is recommended. Turbo Rate Adaptation method adjusts the bit rate based on a per packet basis if every client learns 2 variables. It’s Signal to Noise Ratio when it transmits alone to the AP (access point), and the direction besides which its signal is received at the AP. A Turbo Rate client then clarifies its packets with these two variables and to allow different clients to choose the best bit rate as well as transmits simultaneously to the Access Point.
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Analysis and Enhancement of Hydraulic Ram Pump using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Piyush B. Shende ; A. P. Ninawe; Dr. S. K. Choudhary
Mechanical Engineering
Year: 2015, Volume:2, Issue : 3
Pages: 109 - 133
This paper presents the analysis of the hydraulic ram pump performance using computational fluid dynamic(CFD). The study specifies that mass flow through the waste valve of hydram is more, so to reduce it an enhancement is done and a new design is created. These are based on a systematic study of hydraulic ram pump and testing of on hydraulic ramp pump model. For which we consider literatures reviews & some of them are used for the analysis.
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Abstract
